Economics :: essays research papers

The economic problem is simply the process of providing for the material well-being of society.(Heilbroner) In my have got words, I feel that the economic problem is simply that there atomic number 18 to many notes and to many people that are not qualified for the right job that they can perform. This then leads to people who do not have the right job for them to not work, because they feel that that is not the job for them. This could be a extensive problem that eventually leads to unemployment. Also as technology improves we will no longer need people to do the job but machinery.Tradition is peculiar(prenominal) rules that have been adapted to society. This is simply being handed down the family production line. There are advantages and disadvantages to this. One advantage is that you are set in a business and really do not have to worry what you are going to do when you get older. But on the other hand there is a disadvantage, being handed down the family business, you are set in that business for basically life and and there is a lack of progress. And progress is the origin of recent goods and services. When dealing with command there is always going to be someone who is in charge, the one with all the power, the one who says you do this. Command and slavery are tied together. Central authority can help economic progress. Markets are systems that allows individuals to make their own decisions.There are two dimensions of production and distribution. One being, to raise a system to assure the production of enough goods and services for its own survival. According to Robinson Cruso this means to be able to live are your own. By doing everything by yourself as opposed to a society working together. And the second dimension being, to arrange the distribution of the fruits of its production so that more production can impinge on place. I think that this basically means to spread the wealth so that

Prejudice in To Kill A Mockingbird :: social issues

Prejudice in To Kill A Mockingbird third students kicked out of a high school for grueling to bring a gun to school. Why would they? Because people were prejudice against them because other students thought they were losers. Moral You shouldnt not like a somebody because they arent like you. Prejudice was far much worse in the time period of To Kill A Mockingbird. But, Prejudice is the reason for much social injustice. Three characters named Nathan Radley, Atticus Finch, and Aunt Alexandria show us this in the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird. Back in the time period of To Kill A Mockingbird, blacks were referred to as nigras, and blasted for most things, even when they were innocent. An example of this is when a character named Nathan Radley hears some one and only(a) in his cabbage patches. He shot his gun in the air and when people asked what happen, he automatically told them it was a nigger. Even though he didnt see the person. But, he knew the person was white by this quote someo ne give tongue to he said. Shot in the air. Scared him though, says if allone sees a white nigger running around here thats him (54). Meaning that he knows the person is white. some other thing is that some people even put animals above blacks, as told in the rest of the quote. Got the other barrel waitin for the next hears in his patch, be it dog, nigger, or Jem Finch (a character) (54). Now he must have known it was Jem, or why would he have said his name? This shows that Mr. Radley didnt have any respect for blacks. Not only were blacks referred to as niggers but, anyone associated with them, except for slave masters, were called, nigger lovers. An example of this is that a character named Atticus Finch is defending a black person named Tom Robinson in court. Because he is doing this, most people in town are calling him a nigger lover. Not only are the adults saying it, but their children are saying it too. Since Atticus is defending this man, he has also tried to been jumped many time also. But Atticus makes a very evoke point during the court case. The witnesses for the state have presented themselves to you gentlemen, to this court, in the cynical confidence that their testimony would not be doubted. Confident that you gentlemen, would go along with them on one assumption, the evil assumption, that all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are immoral beings, that all Negroes are not to be trusted around our women, an assumption that of one mind of their caliber.

Foundations Of Education :: Teaching Education

Foundations Of EducationTeaching Youth in a Foreign CountryThis Assignment was designed to draw with my instruction abilities and how I approach lessons, it is also designed to hopefully improve they way I teach a lesson. The lesson I prepared and taught opened up my eyes and helped me understand exactly where I need to improve. Even though this paper isnt the particular assignment you gave me and I did not do this everyplace the semester while being in this class, it does deal with the very essence of learning that you wanted us to experience. It is a lesson that I did try to design around your teachings that I learned in you class Christian Education for Adolescents. The lesson I prepared was for a youth group that was not very big in size except had a lot of heart for their beliefs. They were excited to hear an American share a testimony and to talk to them about God you could see they were ravenous to hear it. To start off my critiquing I first want to share with you that m y teaching skills I have might not be the brightest of teaching skills, but I have noticed that I do know how to prepare a lesson now. Before last semester till now I didnt sluice know where to start. Since my first class with you as my teacher I have learned an amazing topic about the form of teaching, this is the Hook, Book, Look, Took process. When I first hear that I was going to teach a youth group in Venezuela I didnt know what I was going to do. At first I did not know what I was going to do, then, I remembered that I needed to do what you taught me to do, I was supposed to form a lesson off of the Hook, Book, Look, Took. This style of teaching saved me because I didnt know what to do and it is formed in such way that it gives you a process to start from and a place to end, he only thing you got to do to get started is to find a subject. I got lucky because the Venezuelans I was teaching new English better than other Venezuelans. The thing about them I noticed is that peopl e there liked to watch movies as much as people here do.

Pollution Essay: Forests Counter-Act Global Warming :: Environment, Climate Change

An central ecosystem service provided by forests is the ability to counter-act the effects of global warming. Carbon dioxide, a contributing factor to global warming, is taken up by the sics and vegetation contained in forests through photosynthesis and the resulting carbon is stored in both living and dead plant biomass. This process, known as carbon sequestration, greatly reduces the potential for global climate change (IPCC 2001). Forest cover also affects the albedo, that is, the proportion of incident solar ray that is reflected by the earths surface. The dense green coloured canopy of tropical forests have a low albedo when compared with grasslands or deforested areas. This allows for more incident solar ray of light to be absorbed and cooler air termperatures (OBrien 1996).Perhaps the most important ecosystem service provided by forests, which is a basic requirement for life, is the supply of clean water. Forests promote the storage of clean water through filtering preci pitation through the tree canopy. This, in effect, slows the rate at which precipitation collects at the ground surface allowing it to repose unsaturated. It is estimated that over 2/3 of the clean water supply is United States is contained within stream water, which was filtered through forests, with a direct value exceeding $27 billion per year (Snail 2009). This clean water can be captured and stored in watersheds that in turn, can be used for variety of purposes including agriculture, municipal drinking water, amateurish activities and habitat for wildlife. Global forests provide habitat for wildlife, which in turn, contribute to the maintenance of ecological processes. Wildlife is directly utilized by humans for hunting, observation and ecotourism. However wildlife is considered an important ecosystem service because of its indirect contribution to many other ecological processes. Wildlife plays an important role in the pollination and seed dispersal of crops. Eighty percent of the human being 1,330 cultivated crop species are pollinated by wild pollinators who typically live in forested regions (Abroamorvitz 1997). Additionally wildlife plays an important role in biologically irresponsible pest populations, specifically in timber species (Snail 2009). Works CitedWiersum, K.F. 1984. Surface erosion under various tropical agroforestry systems. In OLoughlin, C.L. and Pearce, A.J. (eds.) Proceedings Symposium on effects of Forest Land Use on Erosion and Slope Stability.

Free Essay on Shakespeares King Lear - Is King Lear a Good King? :: King Lear essays

Is King Lear a Good King?   At the beginning of the play we learn that King Lear is old and wishes to retire from his position of King of Britain. The conclusiveness greatly alters his life and the lives of those around him. He is accustomed to power and flattery from his subjects and expects the same regard and appraisal from his daughters. On his retirement he makes a precise foolish finale to rive his kingdom among his three daughters.   Give me the map there. Know we have divided In three our Kingdom and tis our fast use to Shake all cares and business from our age (Act I, i, 37-39) .   Lear surrenders all his power and enter to his daughters as a reward for their fake demonstration of love towards him. This rash ending leads to his imminent downfall.   The reader can actually foresee the breakdown of King Lear and his loss of control and order. Lear foolishly becomes angry at his youngest and favorite daughter because she refuses to devise her love a nd affections. Lear then banishes Cordelia. This foolish act causes Lear to become vulnerable to his other two evil daughters as they conspire against him. After later realizing his mistake and how myopic Goneril and Regan care about him, he begins to go mad. Yet right from the start I had to question if he wasnt mad already. What king would just retire and divide up a powerful and sturdy kingdom? A Kingdom is run best under one ruler because only one decision is made without any contradiction. Dividing up a Kingdom politically has many disadvantages that Lear doesnt seem to realize. A Kingdom divided means there will be more than one ruler and a difference of opinion will occur. There will always be disagreements and arguments which may end in haste, creating focus between the rulers, especially if they are related and are envious of each others power and are fighting over the same love interest. Although Lear may odour he had a good reason to divide his land there really is no rational reason for his action. He only divided his land so he could be showered with loving words from his daughters. His desire to fuel his ego by abdicating his throne for reward eventually causes him to lose everything, including his family and even his sanity.

Free Essay on Shakespeares King Lear - Is King Lear a Good King? :: King Lear essays

Is poof Lear a Good King?   At the beginning of the play we learn that King Lear is old and wishes to retire from his position of King of Britain. The decision greatly alters his life and the lives of those around him. He is accustomed to power and flattery from his subjects and expects the same regard and estimate from his daughters. On his retirement he makes a very foolish decision to divide his kingdom among his three daughters.   Give me the map there. Know we have divide In three our solid ground and tis our fast intent to Shake all cares and business from our age (Act I, i, 37-39) .   Lear surrenders all his power and land to his daughters as a remunerate for their fake demonstration of love towards him. This rash decision leads to his imminent downfall.   The reader can actually foresee the breakdown of King Lear and his loss of control and order. Lear unwisely becomes angry at his youngest and favorite daughter because she refuses to phrase her love and affections. Lear then banishes Cordelia. This foolish act causes Lear to become vulnerable to his other two evil daughters as they conspire against him. After later realizing his mistake and how little Goneril and Regan care about him, he begins to go mad. Yet right from the start I had to question if he wasnt mad already. What king would just retire and divide up a powerful and sturdy kingdom? A Kingdom is run best beneath one ruler because only one decision is made without any contradiction. Dividing up a Kingdom politically has many disadvantages that Lear doesnt seem to realize. A Kingdom divided means there will be more than one ruler and a difference of opinion will occur. There will endlessly be disagreements and arguments which may end in haste, creating tension between the rulers, especially if they are related and are envious of each others power and are engagement over the same love interest. Although Lear may feel he had a good reason to divide his land there rea lly is no wise reason for his action. He only divided his land so he could be showered with loving words from his daughters. His desire to fuel his ego by abdicating his tin can for reward eventually causes him to lose everything, including his family and even his sanity.

Basic Principles of Democracy Essay

majority normal comes from the Greek word, demos, meaning pot. In democracies, it is the stack who hold sovereign world-beater over legislator and disposal. Democracy is a framing of government in which violence is held by people beneath a clean-handed electoral system of rules. It is derived from the Greek , popular government which was coined from (dmos), people and (kratos), rule, efficacy in the middle of the 5th-4th century BC to denote the policy-making systems then existing in some Greek city-states, notably Athens following a popular uprising in 508 BC. In political theory, majority rule describes a sm any progeny of related forms of government and also a political philosophy. flush though there is no universally judge definition of democracy, there be two rules that any definition of democracy includes. The first principle is that all members of the orderliness defy sufficient inlet to feator and the second one(a) that all the members enjoy univ ersally blemishd emancipations and liberties. There be some(prenominal) varieties of democracy some of which hand over better representation and more(prenominal) issuedoms for their citizens than differents.However, if any democracy is not c argonfully legislated to avoid an uneven distribution of political power with balances such as the separation of powers, then a branch of the system of rule is able to accumulate power in a way that is hurtful to democracy itself. The majority rule is a good deal described as a characteristic feature of democracy, but without responsible government it is possible for the rights of a nonage to be ab social functiond by the tyranny of the majority. An essential processin representative democracies atomic number 18 competitive resources, that are pleasure groundly both substantively and procedurally. Furthermore, freedom of political expression, freedom of speech and freedom of the press are essential so that citizens are informed a nd able to vote in their personal interests. popular reign is common but not a universal motivating philosophy for establishing a democracy. In some countries, democracy is based on the philosophic principle of equal rights.Many people use the term democracy as shorthand for liberal democracy, which may include additional elements such as political pluralism, equality before the virtue, the right to petition elected ordaineds for redress of grievances, ascribable process, genteel liberties, humankind rights, and elements of civil society outside the government. In the coupled States, separation of powers is often cited as a bet oning attribute, but in other countries, such as the United Kingdom, the dominant philosophy is parliamentary sovereignty (though in practice judicial independence is generally maintained). In other cases, democracy is used to mean direct democracy. Though the term democracy is typically used in the context of a political state, the principles are a lso applicable to secret organizations and other groups.Though democracy has its origins in Ancient Greece other cultures have significantly contributed to the evolution of democracy such as Ancient India, Ancient Rome, Europe, and North and South America. Democracy has been called the last form of government and has outflank considerably across the globe. Suffrage has been expanded in many jurisdictions over time from relatively narrow groups (such as wealthy men of a event pagan group), but still remains a controversial issue with regard to disputed territories, areas with significant immigration, and countries that exclude certain demographic groups. The contemporary comment of democracy from the political point of view is that it is a system of government in which a coun take heeds political leaders are chosen by the people in regular, free and fair elections.In a democracy, people have a choice between different candidates and parties who want the power to govern. The peo ple can criticize and replace their elected leaders and representatives if they do not perform well. The people are sovereign they are the highest authority and government is based on the will of the people. Elected representatives at the matter and local levels mustiness listen to the people and be responsive to their inevitably. That is why democracy depends upon a literate, knowledgeable citizenry whose access to information enables it to participate as fully as possible in the usual life of their society and to criticize foolish or tyrannical government officials or policies. Citizens and their elected representatives recognize that democracy depends upon the widest possible access to uncensored ideas, data, and opinions. All people should have the right to form their give birth opinions and express them soully or in peaceful assemblies. Free societies create a marketplace of ideas where people exchange their views on any number of issues.Although nuances apply to the w orlds various democracies, certain principles and practices distinguish classless government from other forms of government. Democracy is government in which power and civic certificate of indebtedness are exercised by all citizens, at one time or finished their freely elected representatives. Democracy is a set of principles and practices that nourish human freedom it is the institutionalization of freedom. Democracy rests upon the principles of majority rule, coupled with psyche and minority rights. All democracies, while extoling the will of the majority, zealously protect the thoroughgoing rights of individuals and minority groups. Democracies guard against all-powerful central governments and change government to regional and local levels, understanding that local government must be as accessible and responsive to the people as possible. Democracies understand that one of their prime functions is to protect such fundamental human rights as freedom of speech and religi on the right to equal protection under law and the probability to organize and participate fully in the political, economic, and cultural life of society. Democracies conduct regular free and fair elections open to all citizens. Elections in a democracy cannot be facades that dictators or a single party hide behind, but authentic competitions for the support of the people. Democracy subjects governments to the rule of law and construes that all citizens receive equal protection under the law and that their rights are protected by the legal system. Democracies are diverse, hypothecateing each nations unique political, social, and cultural life. Democracies rest upon fundamental principles, not uniform practices. Citizens in a democracy not solo have rights, they have the responsibility to participate in the political system that, in turn, protects their rights and freedoms. Democratic societies are committed to the values of tolerance, cooperation, and compromise. Democracies rec ognize that reaching consensus requires compromise and that it may not always be attainable. In the words of Mahatma Gandhi, intolerance is itself a form of violence and an obstacle to the growth of a true democratic spirit.Principles of DemocracyPeople from around the world have identified the basic principles, which must exist in order to have a democratic government. These principles oftenbecome a part of the constitution or short letter of rights in a democratic society. Though no two democratic countries are exactly alike, people in democracies support many of the uniform basic principles and desire the same benefits from their government. The following are examples of the principles referred to as signposts of democracy, which will be used byout this lesson1. Citizen ParticipationOne of the nigh basic signposts of a democracy is citizen participation in government. Participation is the key occasion of citizens in democracy. It is not and their right, but it is their duty . Citizen participation may take many forms including standing for election, voter turnout in elections, turn informed, debating issues, attending community or civic meetings, universe members of private voluntary organizations, paying taxes, and even protesting. Participation builds a better democracy.2. EqualityDemocratic societies strain the principle that all people are equal. Equality actor that all individuals are valued equally, have equal opportunities, and may not be discriminated against because of their race, religion, ethnic group, gender or sexual orientation. In a democracy, individuals and groups still maintain their right to have different cultures, personalities, languages and beliefs.3. Political ToleranceDemocratic societies are politically tolerant. This means that while the majority of the people rule in a democracy, the rights of the minority must be protected. People who are not in power must be allowed to organize and speak out. Minorities are sometimes referred to as the electric resistance because they may have ideas which are different from the majority. Individual citizens must also learn to be tolerant of each other.A democratic societyis often composed of people from different cultures, racial, religious and ethnic groups who have viewpoints different from the majority of the population. A democratic society is enriched by diversity. If the majority deny rights to and destroy their opposition, then they also destroy democracy. One goal of democracy is to desex the best possible decision for the society. To achieve this, respect for all people and their points of view is needed. Decisions are more likely to be accepted, even by those who react them, if all citizens have been allowed to discuss, postulate and interrogatory them.4. AccountabilityAs George Washington said Government is not reason, it is not eloquence,it is a force Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master never for a moment should it be lef t to irresponsible action. In a democracy, elected and nominate officials have to be accountable to the people. They are responsible for their actions. Officials must make decisions and perform their duties according to the will and wishes of the people, not for themselves. Government accountability means that ordinary officials elected and un-elected have an obligation to explain their decisions and actions to the citizens. Government accountability is achieved through the use of a variety of mechanisms political, legal, and administrative designed to save corruption and ensure that world officials remain answerable and accessible to the people they action. In the absence of such mechanisms, corruption may thrive.The primary political accountability mechanism is free and fair elections. Fixed-terms of office and elections force elected officials to account for their carrying out and offer opportunities for challengers to offer citizens secondary policy choices. If voter s are not satisfied with the performance of an official, they may vote them out of office when their terms expire. The degree to which public officials are politically accountable is a function of whether they occupy an elected versus appointed position, how often they are up for reelection, and how many terms they can serve.Legal accountability mechanisms include the whole legal framework constitutions, legislative acts, decrees, rules, codes, and other legal instruments that proscribe actions that public officials canand cannot take and how citizens may take action against those officials whose conduct is considered unsatisfactory. An independent judiciary is an essential requirement for the success of legal accountability, serving as a venue where citizens bring claims against the government. Legal accountability mechanisms include Ethics statutes and codes of conduct for public officials, outlining unacceptable practices Conflict of interest and financial disclosure laws, req uiring public officials to divulge the source of their income and assets so that citizens may judge whether the actions of those officials are likely to be influenced improperly by financial interests Sunshine laws, providing the press and the public access to government records and meetings Citizen participation requirements, dictating that certain government Judicial review, providing courts the power to review the decisions and actions of public officials and agencies. Administrative accountability mechanisms include offices within agencies or ministries and practices within administrative processes designed to ensure that the decisions and actions of public officials account for the interest of the citizens. Administrative accountability mechanisms include Ombudsmen, responsible for hearing and addressing citizen complaints Independent auditors who scrutinize the use of public notes for signs of misuse Administrative courts, that hear citizens complaints about agency decisi ons Ethics rules protecting so-called whistleblowers those within government who speak out about corruption or abuse of official authority from reprisals.5. TransparencyFor government to be accountable the people must be aware of what is happening in the country. This is referred to as foil in government. A transparent government holds public meetings and allows citizens to attend. In a democracy, the press and the people are able to get information about what decisions are being made, by whom and why.6. Regular, Free and Fair ElectionsOne way citizens of the country express their will is by electing officials to represent them in government. Democracy insists that these elected officials are chosen and peacefully removed from office in a free and fair manner. Intimidation, corruption and threats to citizens during or before an election are against the principles of democracy. In a democracy, elections are held regularly every so many years. Participation in elections should not be based on a citizens wealth. For free and fair elections to occur, most adult citizens should have the right to stand for government office. Additionally, obstacles should not exist which make it difficult for people to vote.Free and fair elections allow people living in a representative democracy to determine the political makeup and future policy direction of their nations government. Free and fair elections increase the likelihood of a peaceful transfer of power. They help to ensure that losing candidates will accept the validity of the elections results and cede power to the sassy government.Elections alone do not assure democracy since dictators can use the resources of the state to tamper with the election process. Free and fair elections require Universal ballot for all eligible men and women to vote democracies do not restrict this right from minorities, the disabled, or give it whole to those who are literate or who own station. freedom to register as a voter or run for public office. Freedom of speech for candidates and political parties democracies do not restrict candidates or political parties from criticizing the performance of the incumbent. Numerous opportunities for the electorate to receive objective information from a free press. Freedom to assemble for political rallies and campaigns. detects that require party representatives to maintain a distance from polling places on election day election officials, volunteer poll workers, and international monitors may assist voters with the votingprocess but not the voting choice. An impartial or balanced system of conducting elections and verifying election results trained election officials must either be politically independent or those overseeing elections should be representative of the parties in the election. Accessible polling places, private voting space, secure ballot boxes, and transparent ballot counting. Secret ballots voting by secret ballot ensures that an individu als choice of party or candidate cannot be used against him or her. Legal prohibitions against election fraud enforceable laws must exist to prevent vote tampering (e.g. double counting, ghost voting). Recount and contestation procedures legal mechanisms and processes to review election processes must be established to ensure that elections were conducted properly.7. Economic FreedomPeople in a democracy must have some form of economic freedom. This means that the government allows some private ownership of property and businesses, and that the people are allowed to choose their own work and labor unions. The role the government should play in the economy is open to debate, but it is generally accepted that free markets should exist in a democracy and the state should not totally control the economy. Some argue that the state should play a stronger role in countries where great inequality of wealth exists due to past discrimination or other unfair practices.8. Control of the Abu se of PowerDemocratic societies try to prevent any elected official or group of people from misusing or abusing their power. One of the most common abuses of power is corruption. Corruption occurs when government officials use public funds for their own benefit or exercise power in an illegal manner. Various methods have been used in different countries to protect against these abuses. Frequently the government is structured to limit the powers of the branches of government to have independent courts and agencies with power to act against any illegal action by an elected official or branch ofgovernment to allow for citizen participation and elections and to check for constabulary abuse of power.9. Accepting the Results of ElectionsIn democratic elections, there are winners and losers. Often the losers in an election believe so strongly that their party or candidate is the best one, that they refuse to accept the results of the election. This is against democratic principles. The co nsequences of not accepting the result of an election may be a government that is ineffective and cannot make decisions. It may even result in violence which is also against democracy.10. adult male RightsAll democracies endeavor to respect and protect the human rights of citizens. Human rights mean those values that reflect respect for human life and human dignity. Democracy emphasizes the value of every human being. Examples of human rights include freedom of expression, freedom of association, freedom of assembly, the right to equality and the right to education. All human beings are born with inalienable rights. These human rights clear people to pursue lives of dignity thus, no government can bestow them but all governments should protect them.Freedom, built on a foundation of justice, tolerance, dignity, and respect regardless of ethnicity, religion, political association, or social standing allows people to pursue these fundamental rights. Whereas dictatorships deny hum an rights, free societies continually strive to attain them. Human rights are interdependent and indivisible they encompass myriad facets of human existence including social, political, and economic issues. Among the most commonly accepted are All people should have the right to express their ideas and opinions. All people should have the right to participate in government. Governments should create laws that protect human rights while justice systems enforce those laws equally among the population. Freedom from arbitrary look into, detention, and torture whether one is an opponent of theruling political party, an ethnic minority, or even a common criminal is a basic human right. A professional police force respects all citizens as it enforces the laws of the nation. In ethnically diverse nations, religious and ethnic minorities should be free to use their language and maintain their traditions without fear of recrimination from the majority population. Governments should reco gnize the rights of minorities while respecting the will of the majority. All people should have the opportunity to work, earn a living, and support their families. Children deserve special protection. They should receive at least an elementary education, proper nutrition, and healthcare. To maintain human rights, citizens in any free society need to be vigilant. Citizen responsibility through a variety of participatory activities ensures that government remains accountable to the people. The family of free nations is committed to work toward protection of human rights. They formalize their loading through a number of international treaties and covenants on human rights.11. Multi-Party SystemsIn order to have a multi-party system, more than one political party must participate in elections and play a role in government. A multi-party system allows for opposition to the party, which wins the election. This helps provide the government with different viewpoints on issues. Addition ally, a multi-party system provides voters with a choice of candidates, parties and policies to vote for. Historically, when a country only has one party, the result has been a dictatorship. To preserve and protect individual rights and freedoms, a democratic people must work together to shape the government of their choosing. And the principal way of doing that is through political parties. Political parties are voluntary organizations that link the people and their government. Parties cypher candidates and campaign to elect them to public office, and they mobilize people to participate in selecting government leaders.The majority party (or the party elected to control the offices of government) seeks to enact into law a number of different policies and programs. Parties of the opposition are free to criticize the majority partys policy ideas and offer their own proposals. Politicalparties provide a way for citizens to hold elected party officials accountable for their actions in government. Democratic political parties have faith in the principles of democracy so that they recognize and respect the authority of the elected government even when their party leaders are not in power. Like any democracy, members of various political parties reflect the diversity of the cultures in which they snarf. Some are small and built around a set of political beliefs. Others are organized around economic interests, or shared history.Still others are loose alliances of different citizens who may only come together at election time. All democratic political parties, whether they are small movements or large national coalitions, share the values of compromise and tolerance. They know that only through broad alliances and cooperation with other political parties and organizations can they provide the leadership and common vision that will win the support of the people of the nation. Democratic parties recognize that political views are fluid and changeable, and that consensu s can often arise out of the clash of ideas and values in peaceful, free, and public debate.The concept of the loyal opposition is central to any democracy. It means that all sides in political debate however deep their differences share the fundamental democratic values of freedom of speech and faith, and equal protection under law. Parties that lose elections step into the role of opposition confident that the political system will continue to protect their right to organize and speak out. In time, their party will have a pass to campaign again for its ideas, and the votes of the people. In a democracy, the struggle between political parties is not a fight for survival, but a competition to serve the people.12. The get hold of LawIn a democracy no one is above the law, not even a king or an elected President. This is called the rule of law. It means that everyone must succeed the law and be held accountable if they violate it. Democracy also insists that the law be equally, fairly and consistently enforced. This is sometimes referred to as due process of law. For much of human history, rulers and law were synonymous law was simply the will of the ruler. A first step away from such tyranny was the notion of rule by law, including the notionthat even a ruler is under the law and should rule by virtue of legal means. Democracies went win by establishing the rule of law. Although no society or government system is problem-free, rule of law protects fundamental political, social, and economic rights and reminds us that tyranny and lawlessness are not the only alternatives.Rule of law means that no individual, president or private citizen, stands above law. Democratic governments exercise authority by way of law and are themselves subject to laws constraints. Laws should express the will of the people, not the whims of kings, dictators, military officials, religious leaders, or self-appointed political parties. Citizens in democracies are willing to obey the laws of their society, then, because they are submitting to their own rules and regulations. Justice is best achieved when the laws are established by the very people who must obey them. Under the rule of law, a system of strong, independent courts should have the power and authority, resources, and the prestige to hold government officials, even top leaders, accountable to the nations laws and regulations.For this reason, judges should be well trained, professional, independent, and impartial. To serve their necessary role in the legal and political system, judges must be committed to the principles of democracy. The laws of a democracy may have many sources compose constitutions statutes and regulations religious and ethical teachings and cultural traditions and practices. Regardless of origin the law should enshrine certain provisions to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens Under the requirement of equal protection under the law, the law may not be uniquely applicable to any single individual or group.Citizens must be secure from arbitrary arrest and unreasonable search of their homes or the seizure of their personal property. Citizens charged with crimes are entitled to a speedy and public trial, along with the opportunity to confront and question their accusers. If convicted, they may not be subjected to cruel or unusual punishment. Citizens cannot be forced to testify against themselves. This principle protects citizens from coercion, abuse, or torture and greatly reduces the temptation of police to employ such measures.13. Bill of RightsMany democratic countries also choose to have a bill of rights to protect people against abuse of power. A bill of rights is a list of rights and freedoms guaranteed to all people in the country. When a bill of rights becomes part of a countrys constitution, the courts have the power to enforce these rights. A bill of rights limits the power of government and may also impose duties on individuals and organiza tions.The role of the Non-governmental OrganizationsIn democracies, ordinary citizens may organize independent groups that serve the needs of the community or nation they live in and complement, supplement, or even challenge the work of the government. Such organizations are often called nongovernmental organizations, or NGOs, because they are not an extension of the governments offices. NGOs allow citizens to improve their society by advocating, educating, and mobilizing attention around major public issues and monitoring the conduct of government and private enterprise. NGOs enable citizens from different backgrounds to learn to work together and build the skills, relationships, and trust necessary for good government. NGOs serve a great variety of citizen interests. They may act as social service providers, advocates for the environment or for living standards, work standards, or as the catalysts for democratic change. NGOs often represent the interests of those citizens who migh t otherwise be left out of national policy debates.They open the public discourse to people of all economic and social classes and to women and minorities. Funding for NGOs may come from individual private donations, private trusts and philanthropies, corporations, religious institutions, international institutions, other NGOs, sales of goods and services, and even governments. Governments and NGOs frequently work as partners. NGOs may provide local and regional expertise and personnel on the ground for implementation of government-funded projects. NGOs may be politically unaffiliated, or they may be based on partisan ideals and seek to barbel a particular cause or set of causes in the public interest. In either model the key point is that NGOs should operate under borderline political control of states.NGOs develop local and international programs in virtually all areas that contribute to the promotion of the principles of democracy, including Human rights by promoting internat ional standards and monitoring for violations and abuses. Rule of law through low-cost or free legal aid, educating all citizens regarding their rights, and advocating for legal reforms. Womens participation by preparing them for political participation and protecting them from socioeconomic discrimination. Civic education through education programs focusing on the role of the citizen in a democratic and diverse society. A free press by promoting independent media, training journalists, and setting standards for ethical journalism. Political party development through election monitoring by trained domestic observers and nonpartisan voter registration drives. Government accountability by conducting policy analysis and serving as watchdogs over governmental actions.Democracy in the EUThe pith is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minori ties. These values are common to the Member States in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail. These are universal values and not the values of the Europeans alone. Many countries in the world are recognising and implementing these values or at least have written them down in one or the other form.In order to obtain the objectives of the Union based on the afore-mentioned values, the European Union needs certain powers conferred in a legal framework. It is foreseen that these powers must be exercised using the Community method and specific instruments within a single institutional framework.But through the implementation of these universal values, the European Union has become already a success story that is making social status to the Union so very attractive to its neighbours and an example for other regions in the world=More citizens in Europe live in countries with competitive elections, politic al freedoms and respect for human rights than ever before. Part of this success story can be attributed undeniably to the process of European integration. Paradoxically, however, the European Union also take notes itself more and more the subject of general cynicism and dissatisfaction among its citizenry. Therefore, a better understanding of democracy has become vital at all levels of government, and in particular regarding the future of the EU itself.Proposals for the further democratisation of EU decision-making can be pieced together from at least the following four different dimensions of choiceIntergovernmental vs SupranationalUnder intergovernmental approaches, the EU is democratised through the elected institutions of its member states. In the contemporary EU, for example, each member country has to ratify any change to EU Treaties according to the democratic mechanism of its choice, with referendums being used in some cases and national parliamentary votes in others. In addition, most important decisions have to be taken by the Council of Ministers on which all national governments are represented.Even with majority voting, this allows national parliaments scope to influence the development of EU policy and hold their governments responsible for their behaviour at Union level . They can review the negotiating positions of their governments before meetings of the Council of Ministers. They can scrutinise draft legislation, which has to be circulated to each national parliament in its own language at least six weeks before it is voted in the Council. They also have important discretion in deciding how EU acquis is to be transposed into national law, since directives only require member states to achieve certain results, without specifying the methods to be employed.Under supranational approaches, entirely new democratic institutions are established at the European level. They are purpose-made for the EUs political system, and they operate with at le ast some consistency across the Union as whole. So, for example, the European Parliament is directly elected by all adult citizens of the EU. Its powers, are directed to making law for the Union as a whole, and at scrutinising, criticising and controlling the overall performance of armorial bearing and Council in their role as the EUs double-headed executive. In brief, it has the power to Approve or reject the member states choice of Commission and Commission President Dismiss the Commission on a double majority (two-thirds of votes cast, provided that those voting for a censure comprise more than half of the Parliaments membership). The resignation of the Santer Commision in March 1999 undermined the argument that this was unlikely ever to happen. Reject legislation in some areas (Co-decision) and amend it in others (Cooperation). The increasing use of the spring means that the EP approaches bicameral status with the Council in a political system where rule-making is, arguably, the main activity. Even the latter allows the EP to structure the choices that are subsequently available to the Council.As the previous examples imply, the EU currently mixes and matches intergovernmental and supranational approaches to democratic politics.Consensus vs Majoritarian DemocracyMajoritarian democracy is where decisions can be taken by a bare majority of the public or its representatives. Its proponents argue that any alternative amounts to minority rule.Consensus democracy is where the aim is to align policies with the preferences of the greatest number of citizens or their representatives, sort of than with those of a simple majority. Its defenders argue that any alternative allows minorities to be excluded and is not, therefore, rule by the people as a whole. Amongst examples of consensus democracy are the following Supermajoritarian decision-rules these require decisions to be approved by more than 50 per cent of representatives. At present the EU employs supermaj orities twice over, in both the Council and the EP. Majority voting in the Council requires 71 per cent of the charge votes of member states. Most powers of the EP can only be exercised on an absolute majority of its membership. Given normal rates of absenteeism this effectively means that a majority of around two-thirds is usually needed in the EP, as well as the Council of Ministers. Federal systems these parcel decision-making out between layers of government. It is rare for the EU to be the only body with powers in an issue area. It normally shares jurisdiction with national and sub-national authorities with which it has to co-ordinate its activities. Consociational systems these guarantee the participation of all main cultural units in the most important decisions of a political system. In the EU, for example, all governments nominate at least one Commissioner all member states have a seat on the Council and the opportunity to hold its rotating Presidency for a period of six m onths both Council and Parliament over-represent smaller member states in a manner that underlines the principle that it is national communities and not just citizens that are units of value in the EUs political system and even the Governing Council of the European Central Bank works on the principle one national central bank, one vote.Direct vs Indirect DemocracyDirect democracy is where the people itself takes major decisions of government. The alternative is that they only exercise public control indirectly through appointed representatives. As will be seen below, this distinction is mainly relevant to prescriptions for the democratisation of the EU, rather than to its current practice.Strategic vs Communicative DemocracyStrategic models of democracy presuppose that actors have clear and fixed views of their interests. The main goal of democratic institutions is then to find the most efficient means of aggregating the preferences of individuals into collective actions, albeit subject to various standards of fairness. Communicative models of democracy hold that preferences also need to be debated within the political system, either because they are not fully formed prior to a process of discussion, or because group action is so very different from individual action, both actually and morally.A big question for the EU is whether it can develop a public sphere that all citizens can access as equals, and through the medium of which all points of view can be debated and compared. Connecting European citizens to one another and to EU institutions raises problems of language, media, party systems and the associational structure of society, almost all of which are presently organised to support national forms of democracy, rather than a European equivalent.The future of a strong European Union with 27 member states and more will only be possible if rules are implemented which make decisions more democratic, more transparent and thus more efficient.A good and d emocratic society in the European context is a society which is open to reforms or is able to become a better society I.e. an active civil society. The European Civil golf-club can give a new direction to politics. Politicians will then follow.Only a European Civil Society which is better informed about European values, objectives and challenges will give Europe a new impetus to the further democratic development of Europe.

Politics in the English Language Essay

Miscommunication is often the result of modern prose which is most commonly used despite its vagueness because of its simplicity. According to George Orwells Politics in the English Language, these habits must be eliminated in order to animadvert clearly, if not, talking to will continue to be used in corrupt ways by politicians. With execrable language skills come poor thinking skills, making it easier for tidy sum to be evaded by warped language. Ted Hughes Words and Experience expresses that quarrel atomic number 18 inadequate and that it is very exhausting to capture experience properly. The way in which Hughes and Orwell appeal to the problem of miscommunication argon different Orwell is critical while Hughes is sympathetic. In the paper Politics in the English Language, George Orwell appeals to logos to prove that the misuse of language is corruptly used by politicians for selfish purposes. Thought corrupts language and politicians manipulate language for their own se lfish purposes. Words much(prenominal) as fascism and democracy are among those words due to their lack of a concrete centre.Democracy is often associated with a positive meaning whereas fascism is associated with a negative meaning. As a result dishonest politicians use their own interpretation to twist the meaning of what they are trying to communicate. They have defended events such as the Russian purges and deportations, the British rule in India and the atomic bombing in Japan by using language consisting of euphemisms, questionable begging and perfect cloudy vagueness (Orwell 699). This language covers up all the details of the events and is a prime example of how thought corrupts language. Language is warped because of the way it is used to lie and manipulate people. Politicians use vague language to hide questionable acts which travel bys to poor language skills. Orwell states that the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts (Orwell 6 91). He believes that poor language skills lead to poor thinking skills which are detrimental to society because people often accept the words of authority figures without thinking they are not moral sense of the meaning of the words being used.These bad language habits that Orwell indentifies are dying metaphors, pretentious diction and meaningless words all of which are un demand and attach vagueness. This form of modern prose is easier therefore it is used commonly resulting in poor thinking skills. The whole tendency of modern prose is away from concreteness andconsists in gumming unitedly long strips of words which have already been set in order by someone else (Orwell 697). Orwell suggests that the problem is cyclical vague language leads to the inability to think for oneself and the inability to think leads to miscommunication. Orwell uses logos to identify the problem and treats it with a critical tone however, believes that it can be fixed if one is willing to take the ne cessary trouble (Orwell 691). Ted Hughes and George Orwell share similar come acrosss on the misuse of language however Hughes uses different points to convey the message in his essay Words and Experience. Hughes states that words are tools and that it is difficult to choose the correct words to capture experiences.He uses the metaphor A word is its own little solar system of meanings (Hughes 120) because there is a vast amount of words to choose from and the process is often overcomplicated. Too much time spent thinking of the correct words to use causes people to miss the experience all together. Finding the right word requires a fine balance therefore words should not be used casually. Without this balance, words tend to inhibit the simplest descriptions such as the infinite depth of crowiness in the crows flight (Hughes 122). In this case, all words can be used for are indicators and general directives. Swiss psycho-analyst Jung believes that people know how to use words proper ly but have to quiet down to get what is inside their conscience. Although Hughes writes in a hopeful tone he believes that words are inadequate in describing experience. If and when a balance is found and words match experience, that is poetry. His view and solution are effectively communicated in using a sympathetic tone.George Orwell and Ted Hughes both attack the problem of the misuse of language effectively. With similar goals, both are equally able to convey the same points while appealing to different aspects and emotions. George Orwells Politics in the English Language, appeals to logos while criticizing the way undecipherable language is used corruptly by politicians. He adequately shows how people are easily manipulated by warped language because poor language skills lead poor thinking skills. Ted Hughes appeals to logos by using a sympathetic tone to convey the message that words are inadequate and it is very difficult to capture experience in his essay Words and Experie nce. The problem of miscommunication found in modernprose is the result of vagueness and must be fixed. This is difficult because of the bad habits create and its simplicity, however it can be fixed if one takes the initiative.

Waste Disposal on Cat Ba Island

At present, the barbaric disposal issue on wander Ba Is reduce is still seriously concerned. Mr. Sang Bui Quang, Director of Department of Natural Resources and Environment, said on website www. monre. gov. vn that waste management has not met environment protection requirements, there has not been waste manipulation firms, and commonly discharge waste directly from ships into the sea. Consequently, it seems to impact on the environment, the scenery and also Cat Ba People. Waste disposal includes treatment in the land and on the water. In the land, Cat Ba has only one landfill, Dong Trong.It is not far from Hung Son block( about 8km), the point of storing rubbish through all sites of Cat Ba and surrounding areas with the volume of 40m3/day. Each day, the rubbish is buried and prayed three times. However, the landfill has not met hygienic standards so that the pollution here is adversely impact peoples lives in this area. In reality, there are some campaigns to dispose the situat ion, but it is not effective. The landfill still has rising smoke and the unbearable stench so that go and mosques are crowded there and surrounding areas.Assigned to Cat Hai public construction and urban service company to collect, transport and dispose rubbish in the area of Cat Ba, including handling baggage pollution of Dong Trong. Despite great efforts to minimize pollution affects peoples lives, the district also can process consort to the method of chemical spraying, burial. There is no way to remedy the situation thoroughly cell infection here. On the water, waste disposal has met more difficulty. In the bay, there are 123 cages, including 106 aquaculture cages and 17 cages with people living, which is the main reason for water pollution.Although each cage has its own trash, the big amount of rubbish into the water (i. e. waste water, fish, food). Waste from the fishing vessel and the fish cages are at risk of causing environmental pollution at the alarming level. Fishing boats recitation big plastic bags to marinate fis, they scratch those and throw into the sea before moving up onto the shore. According to Mr. Bay Vu Tien, there is also a salt away ship to take rubbish from cages to the land. But it just counts for 30% of the waste. The baggage is floating on the water that makes a bad image about Cat Ba environment in tourists mind.

Martial Law Essay

Batas Militar. Commonly kn let in its English translation as hawkish Law. As stated in the 1973 piece of the Philippine Republic that the Prime Minister as the Commander-in-Chief whitethorn declare Martial Law under the same conditions, in case of invasion, insurrection or rebellion, or imminent danger thereof, the public safety requires it.The President however, using this provision may corrupt the Military forces and become hostage of ambitious Generals who may want to exercise power through a puppet President, without corresponding responsibility. This provision as written in the Article VII, Section 10, Paragraph 2 placed the entire Republic of the Philippines as defined in Article I, Section 1 of the Constitution of the Republic during the Marcos Regime is the root of the Proclamation 1018 that has been put to death on September 21, 1972 and remained in force until January 17, 1981.This proclamation alike suspended the Writ of Habeas Corpus, this suspends the human undecomp oseds of an accused person to be fight for what he swear is right in front of an authority, but instead his fate depends upon the attitude of the President towards him. On the first days of this proclamation, I believe the country responded well, because they also believe that the Philippines is sick, rebellion against the government has been in power in some rural places and communist armed forces are trying to invade the nation.But I also believed that the authority who is Ferdinand Marcos during that time exceeded to his limitations as the head of state. During the Martial law, Marcos amended the constitution for several times and I believe he used this for his own cheeseparing. Democracy has been ceased and no news opposing the Marcos administration can be seen in broadsheet and even in the broadcast media such as communicate and television, they also put into closure those media stations that attack the wrong doings and failures of the Marcos administration.They put into pri son those spate whose only objective is to say what they think is right and what they think is best for the nation. Democracy and human rights has been violated during this time, not to mention the allegations of corruption and violation of its own constitution has been brought to the face of President Marcos. The most important person to be put into prison is Sen. Benigno ninoy Aquino. Hes against the Marcos regime and its corrupt performance.Hes death is the eye opener of the Filipino people who is frightened and afraid to speak out against the Marcos administration, but before that, after he was put into prison, he was exiled to the United States of America, and because of love of country and people and also, maybe, because of his liking to be the next president of the Republic he returned back to his homeland and face the consequences, he was assassinated at the tarmac of Manila International aerodrome and after how many years named after him and was known nowadays as Ninoy A quino International Airport.I certainly believed that during the Martial Law era, not to mention the good things that this proclamation brought to us such as discipline, obedience and loyalty to the one who is in power. This proclamation of Martial law has been used by the authorities in such a way that the citizens of this nation will hate them, violating their own constitution, corrupting the money of the people, corrupting the rights of the citizens, corrupting the minds of the military whose prime objective is to press the nation and not to hurt it citizens.Martial law brought back the love of country and desire to have democracy not dictatorship of the one who is power. Martial law opened the minds of the citizens to move, to join, to fight, and to love freedom. Human Rights should not be sacrificed just to obtain a common goal. In order for us to move forward, we should install our goals and vision with due respect to the rights of the citizens and respect to our own constit ution.

Management and Employment Relations

The history of focal point is being traced with difficulties and it is only seen as a modern conceptualization. This difficulty contributes to its ide aloney possiveness nature. In premodern historical context it is traceable back to Sumerian slewrs and builders of the pyramids of ancient Egypt. Full exploitation and motivation of slaves fountaind problems. Many pre-industrial enterprises in their sm all(prenominal)-scale nature were never compelled to face issues of management. With increased scale of commercial operations devoid of mechanized record keeping and recording, management functions were unavailable.Management as an act involves the process of directing and coercive a group of people for purposes of achieving coordination and harmony of the group towards attaining a goal, which is far beyond the scope of individual efforts. Potential human resources, financial resources, technological resources and immanent resources are deployed and manipulated by means of managem ent1.The possibility of personifying the act of management also exists whereby the person or a team of persons performing this act is or are referred to as management and has to do with power by its nature and position.Functionally, management entails the art of getting things d unmatchable through people action of weighing a sum of money on regular basis and adjusting the initial plan and the action taken to reach the overall intended goal. The functions and divisions of management therefore entail planning, organizing, leading or motivating and controlling or coordinating all resources in the on the job(p) place2.Management falls under the undermentioned categories human resource management, operations or production management, strategic management, financial management and information technology management. benevolent resource management carries the grater weight in exercising relations. Its importance is seen in cause and developing its context concept, to assess and expl ain its impact on organizational performance and handicraft well being and to contribute to the dissemination of good practice.The graphic symbol of management in employment relations can be explained by the context of communication in the work place. Employees moldiness be treated with relevant laws and regulations of the countries and regions in which it operates. Communications between management and employees is essential in conveying management policies to employees and encouraging employees to voice their options3. This impacts the active rather than passive agency role of the management being the representative of the employer.These concepts are of vital importance in employment cycle. Employment in this context refers to the contract between deuce parties one being the employer and the other one the employee. The employee refers to a person in the service of another. Under any contract of hirer express or applied, oral or written where the employer has the power or right to control and direct the employee in the material details of how the work is to be performed4.In a profit orientated adjustting the aim of the employer is creation of valued produces at reasonable cost, and providing rewarding employment opportunities for employees. In unprofit setting the ultimate goal is to keep faith of the donors. opposite areas of employment include the public and household sectors. It is in view of this harmony that the active role of the management should be felt in any on the job(p) environment. Communication between management as the employers representative and employees should show shared responsibilities called co-determinations.There are specific areas of concern and address during the discussion between the two parties they include pay of wages, bonuses, the work environment, disputes, work schedules, grievances, health and safety, working hours and production targets. The aim of these discussions is an achievement of a more harmonious working rel ationship sometimes-major employment relations dispute may arise. Whenever problems start to arise in a company a winning management-employment relations involve striking a chemical equilibrium in nearly all situations.The employer has the right to manage that is the ability to plan for the future so that the company can continue moving to make pelf and to keep employees motivated. Form the employees viewpoint best possible conditions must be secured and good living standards made not a dream. High labour turnover, foul time keeping, high levels of absenteeism, slackness of individuals, poor working, deliberate time working in similar practices are evident in situations where employees are unhappy with the working conditions5.Other evidences of discontent will be revealed in complain, friction, ignoring rules and apathy for unappropriate management governing body to gain the intended meaning must strive to attain the following qualifications attraction of the most qualified emp loyees and matching them to the jobs for which there are best suited since this is significant for the success of any organization6. However, there arises some technical problems in many large enterprises due to their size this aspect of too large size of an enterprise deter possible close contact between conduce management and employees this connection is otherwise provided for by human resource managers training managers and labour relations managers.In an effort to enhance immorality and productivity darn limiting job turnover, helping organization increase performance and improve business results they are of vital help to the organization they also help the firms in effect in using employees skills, provide training and development opportunities, improve those skills and improve employees satisfaction with their jobs and working conditions. Dealing with people through physical interaction is an big part of the job although some jobs in the human resources field require only li mited contact between the people bulge outside the office.The importance of management in employment relations on an active capacity is raise highlighted through creation of labour unions and its incorporation in the constitution in the ca-ca of labour laws. This has been evident in all regions countries and give tongue tos all over the world for the purpose of improving the quality of working life for individuals and creates condition for business success. Employers, employees and unions must deal with one another in an honest and open atmosphere.This in essence bears results such as follows promotion of good employment relation and cultivations of vernacular respect and confidence between employers, employees and unions. It also sets the environment for individual and collective employment relationships. It also sets out requirements for the negotiation and content of collective and individual employment agreements. It also provides prompt and on the table options for resolv ing problems in employment relations. There are a number of undiresable trade union action such as withdrawal of good will, go slow, working strictly to the rules set out in work rule books and sticking rigidly to only doing tasks set out clearly in a job description, refusing to work overtime, going on a strike and many others7.All this actions reduce companies profitability and its ability and forgather orders, they harm employment prospects, reduce wages of employees they lead to festering discontent and cause problems for customers and economy as a whole. This is a practical scenario in the present-day(prenominal) working places and it reflects negative picture of interaction in the working places. It is therefore, very important to create a harmonious working environment for the benefit all the concerned. Good practices and models of a harmonious working practice should be exhibited in a true structure of employment relation.In an effort in expression trust as a manager it i s paramount to display the following characteristics keeping promises, have ethics, telling people the truth, being fair and honest, treating employees as adults magic spell showing appreciation for their ideas and for the work they do, involve employees in planning and problems solving, give employees important work and support them to implement. In an effort to achieve a successful structure of management employment relations labour or employment laws have been enacted.Labour lawsLabors laws also known as employment laws refers elaborately to a body of administrative ruling and prescient which focuses to address the legal rights and restriction on the working people and their organizations and as such it mediates may aspects of the relationships between trade unions, employers and employees. They are in some countries restricted to ununionized work places, as is the case in Canada. But in most other countries no such restrictions is made. devil broad categories of labour laws e xist collective labour law which relates to tripartite relationship between employee employer and union. Individual labour law concerns employees rights at work and through the contract for work8.Employment laws include all areas of the employer employee relationship except the negotiation process covered by labour law and collective bargaining. It consists thousands of federal and state statues, administration regulation and judicial decision. Most of these laws such as minimum wage regulation were enacted as protective labour enactment. The functioning and origins of labour laws is lie towards strikes, pickets, boycotts, unofficial industrial actionLabour laws in AustraliaThe federal parliament in Australia is empowered by the constitution to make laws concerning conciliation and arbitration for the liquidation and prevention of industrial disputes extending beyond the limit of any one state. The laws made with respect to trading and financial corporations fall within the limit s of the commonwealth and foreign corporations. industrial relations systems and wages setting have been enhanced by this system also known as work choice, which came into operation in 20069.Work choices legislation act in AustraliaThe most comprehensive shakeups of industrial relations since federation were the results of the successful introduction and passing of work choices legislation in Australia in celestial latitude 200510. The industrial and employment circulars underwent permanent and long-term changes.These changes are explained in the following dimension federal systems of industrial relations were successful and completely replaced with the unitary system of industrial relations an emphasis on Australian economy away from the wages and conditions transitional arrangement and changes to Awards and Agreements awards were reduced drastically, Australia Fair Pay Commission was set up with the main aim of determination of minimum wages and conditions of employees, the powers of Australian Industrial Relation Commission were greatly reduced to an extent of being rendered redundant, flexible work practices were introduced and the ability to cash out some benefits such as annual leave11.The consequences were some problems with work place health and safety application saucy dismissal provision which were less straightforward as they may have been trumpeted. tonic transmission of business rules that is buying and selling business plus all the people incorporated in the business. Union restriction and the scrapping the no disadvantage test. All these changes brought about complexity and consequently bearing some effects on businesses along the following orientations.Small business holders were subjected to the understanding of the broader concepts of employer obligations to the employees applicable to their unique business situation. The employers take great care before taking a metre towards termination of an employees service. Great care, advice and con sultation became a prerequisite since the work place legislations empowered the employees to claim compensation against unlawful dismissal and discrimination.These laws applied to the especially small business with as less as a hundred employees and therefore constitute the retail in Australia. The workforce legislation in Australia further favoured these minority employees in the retail industry in a sense that the cost of defending discrimination and dismissal claim by the employer is dramatically higher(prenominal) than the unfair dismissal itself.In conclusion the changing of the awards and agreements provided for by the work choice legislation added a layer of complexity to the businesses which extended upto the end of the transitional face which extended up to five years. An investor intending to buy a business was supposed to be ready for the transmission of business changes and the business owner had to conduct to the new layer of complexity. ReferencesCatanzariti, J. & Bar agwanath, M. 1997. Workplace traffic Act A User-friendly go by. Manly, NSW, Newsletter Information Services.Cranny, C., Smith, P. & Stone, E. 1992. Job Satisfaction. New York Lexington.Creighton, B. & Stewart, A. 1994. Labour Law An Introduction. 2nd Ed. Leichhardt, NSW. federation Press.Guite, T. 1999. Strategic Human Resource Management. 3rd Ed. McMillan Publishers. London.Lee, M. & Sheldon, P. (eds.). 1997. Workplace Relations, Workplace Law & Employment Relations. Sidney. Botterworths.Mullins, L. 2005. Management and Organizational Behaviour. 7th Ed. Harlow. Prentice-Hall.Nilson, C. 2003. How to Manage Training A Guide to Design and legal transfer for High Performance. 3rd Ed. New York. Amacom.Pocock, Barbara & Masterman-Smith, Helen. 2005. Work Choices and Women Workers. Journal of Australian Political Economy No.56.Teicher, J., Lambert, R. & ORourke, A. (eds.). 2006. Work Choices The New Industrial Relations Agenda. Sidney, NSW Pearson Education Australia.Walter, J. 2006. Strategic Management. Theory An Integrated Approach. McMillan Publishing Ltd.1 Walter, J. 2006. Strategic Management. Theory An Integrated Approach. McMillan Publishing Ltd. PP.70-73. 2 Nilson, C. 2003. How to Manage Training A Guide to Design and Delivery for High Performance. 3rd Ed. New York. Amacom. PP.103. 3 Mullins, L. 2005. Management and Organizational Behaviour. 7th Ed. Harlow. Prentice-Hall. PP.51-58. 4 Catanzariti, J. & Baragwanath, M. 1997. Workplace Relations Act A User-friendly Guide. Manly, NSW, Newsletter Information Services. PP.17. 5 Guite, T. 1999. Strategic Human Resource Management. 3rd Ed. McMillan Publishers. London. PP.41-43. 6 Cranny, C., Smith, P. & Stone, E. 1992. Job Satisfaction. New York Lexington. PP.31-34. 7 Lee, M. & Sheldon, P. (eds.). 1997. Workplace Relations, Workplace Law & Employment Relations. Sidney. Botterworths. PP.27-37. 8 Creighton, B. & Stewart, A. 1994. Labour Law An Introduction. 2nd Ed. Leichhardt, NSW. Federation Press. PP.9-16. 9 Teicher, J., Lambert, R. & ORourke, A. (eds.). 2006. Work Choices The New Industrial Relations Agenda. Sidney, NSW Pearson Education Australia. PP.103-125. 10 Pocock, Barbara & Masterman-Smith, Helen. 2005. Work Choices and Women Workers. Journal of Australian Political Economy No.56. PP.124-143. 11 Teicher, J., Lambert, R. & ORourke, A. (eds.). 2006. Work Choices The New Industrial Relations Agenda. Sidney, NSW Pearson Education Australia. PP.103-125.

Persuasive Speech Eating Healthy with a College Lifestyle Essay

Specific Purpose To inform the audience how to make wholesome eating choices when youre strapped for clip and on the move. Central Idea Packing a tiffin, choosing a restaurant and meal wisely, and keeping nutritious snacks available bunghole all provide for nutritious eating habits even with an on the-go college lifestyle.IntroductionI. The average college student is often pressed for season.A. As a student ar you typically under a lot of stress? B. Do you often find yourself eating on the go?II. I myself am a college student and find it difficult to deflect bad habits like skipping meals or frequently visiting fast food restaurants. III. But eating a whole diet can help you olfaction better, cope with stress, and perform better in the classroom and on the athletic field. It really isnt that hard to get come ined. IV. Packing a lunch, choosing a restaurant and meal wisely, and keeping nutritious snacks available can all provide for nutritious eating habits even with an on-t he-go college lifestyle.(Transition Lets start by look at use uping your own lunch.)BodyI. Packing or preparing a lunch can really be a great way to start eating healthier. A. You have healthier fillings to choose from than you would eating out. B. As explained in the article Coffee, Lunch Spending Tops Tax Refunds packing a lunch is usually less expensive than eating out. The average spent on lunch alone is $37 a week, or $2,000 a year. C. Many cheery options available so you dont have to have a peanut butter and jelly sandwich everyday. 1. If you love sandwiches, use a salmagundi of whole-grain breads, pitas, and wraps.2. Extra food from dinner make great leftovers to bring for lunch, expert Connie Diekman, RD, president of the American Dietetic Association suggests Leftovers atomic number 18 the perfect food to pack and take for lunch because you can control the portions and calories in the meal to ensure it will be nutritious, filling and delicious. 3. Produce that can be c ut, bagged and stored until lunch time carrots, celery, cucumber, cherry tomatoes, sweet red pepper, sugar snap peas, apples, blueberries, grapes and melon. D. Bagged lunches can beprepared the night in the beginning and can be made in a few minutes. for convenience so it is easy to eat healthy.(Transition Going out for lunch is a common way to meet up with friends.)II. Making medicinal and delicious choices in restaurants is also easier today. A. Restaurants are incorpo rate healthier choices into their menus with more options in portion sizes, preparation methods and menu items. 1. Choose a small or strong point portion. This includes main dishes, side dishes, and drunkennesss. 2. Order steamed, grilled, or broiled dishes instead of those that are fried or sauted. 3. Ask for whole-wheat bread for sandwiches.4. As a beverage choice, ask for water instead of soda. One 20-ounce can of soda has approximately 22 packets of sugar. (How Much cacography Is In One Can Of Soda) B. You c an easily choose healthier items on the menu. 1. Ask them to hold the mayo and new(prenominal) fattening sauces. A tablespoon of regular mayonnaise has almost cytosine calories 2. Many fast-food chains now offer healthy sides in place of French fries. Take the healthy option. Even though they are made from potatoes, which are technically a vegetable, these are the biggest offenders. They are deep fried to the point of removing all nutritional value.In the opinion of physician Dr. Mercola French fries are one of the top 5 absolute worst foods you cant eat. C. More and more restaurants are appealing to the demand for healthier menus. 1. Subway and other deli-style fast-food chains where you can order a sub or sandwich on whole wheat bread or a wrap, a lower-fat and lower-calorie option than fried food. 2. Between the breakfast and lunch menus, theres only one entre at Chick-Fil-A that breaks 500 calories, and thats the 530-calorie Sausage Biscuit. Chick-Fil-A received the highest ra ting fast-food restaurant in the Eat This Not That Restaurant Survival Guide, by David Zinczenko.(Transition Now that we have looked at bagged lunches and eating-out, lets turn to snacking healthy.)III. Keeping healthy snacks easily accessible keeps hunger away. A. Makeit a habit to eat a piece of fruit, a bowl of cereal, or some low-fat yogurt before you set out to run errands. Regular eating can help you feel full and avoid temptation B. Blend a fruit beguiler or drink to take with you on your commute. C. Stock your car with bottled water and healthy snacks. Have a small snack before the cravings hit and youre less likely to pull into that drive-through fast-food outlet.ConclusionI. As we have seen, there are several options for eating healthy on the go.II. I have centre on packing a lunch, choosing a restaurant and meal wisely, and nutritious snacks.III. Healthy eating habits living a busy college lifestyle is possible with these points in mind.BibliographyDavid, Zinczenko. Eat This Not That Restaurant Survival Guide. Emmaus, PA Rodale, 2010. Print.Kim, Susanna. Coffee, Lunch Spending Tops Tax Refunds. ABC News. ABC News Network, 23 Jan. 2012. Web. 07 Jan. 2013.How Much Sugar Is in One Can of Soda? How Much Sugar Is in One Can of Soda? N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2013.Mercola, Joseph. The Five Absolute Worst Foods You Can Eat. Mercola.com. N.p., 18 Oct. 2003. Web. 07 Jan. 2013Adams, Mike. Five Appetite Control Foods That Suppress Cravings without Adding Calories. Five Appetite Control Foods That Suppress Cravings without Adding Calories. Natural News Network, 20 Jan. 2005. Web. 07 Jan. 2013.

Hamlet’s Construction of Sanity Essay

In William Shakespeares critical point many characters appear to suffer from what appears to be mental instability, most notably Hamlet, Ophelia, and Gertrude. The apparent unwiseness of these characters develops and drives the plot, which results in the plays tragic ending. It is the readers responsibility to decipher which characters are very mentally ill and which are merely pretending. Furthermore, it is important to keep track of which characters believe other characters are mentally ill.The most important of these is Gertrude, Polonius, and King Claudius teaching that Hamlet is mad. Gertrudes suspicion is confirmed by Hamlets slaying of Polonius and then shortly after his discussion with the ghost of King Hamlet, whom his stick cannot see. Shortly after the ghost leaves, Hamlet tells his mother, No, in despite of sense and secrecy,/Unpeg the basketful on the ho purposes die. /Let the birds fly, and like the famous ape,/To rise conclusions, in the basket creep/And break your own neck down (III. IV. 196-200).In this passage Hamlet instructs his mother to tell King Claudius what has happened. When Claudius discovers the apparent madness of Hamlet this begins a large series of events that leads to the death of all of the main characters. The above passage uses a simile, personification, and a pun to draw the readers attention to its importance. The most noteworthy of the figurative language comes in this line, Unpeg the basket on the houses top (III. IV. 197). The line instructs Gertrude to reveal to Claudius the events that just transpired.However, to unpeg the houses top is a pun, which refers to tricking Claudius (the houses top) into believing that Hamlet is indeed insane. This line is followed by a simile Let the birds fly, and like the famous ape/To try conclusions, in the basket creep (III. IV. 198-199). According to the footnotes, the story of the famous ape is no longer known, so it is impossible to go through the allusion and what compariso n Shakespeare is trying to make. However, it is presumed that the audience of the day would understand the reference.For modern reading it simply shows the reader it is an important passage because of the use of figurative language. In addition, it is important to notice the use of the word basket in this passage. The line, Unpeg the basket on the houses top (III. IV. 197) appears to be a saying similar to letting the cat out of the bag i. e. revealing a secret or telling Claudius what happened. Moreover, the second use of basket seems to refer to Claudiuss mind or head. This strengthens the pun uses earlier in the houses top by referring to what Claudius is thinking, or should think about Hamlet.The above quote sets up a huge piece of dramatic sarcasm in the play. The audience is aware that Hamlet is not truly insane because they have seen the ghost and understand Hamlets intentions. However, Gertrude and Claudius are unaware of this and merely think that Hamlet has gone mad. This prompts Claudius to veto Hamlet and ask the King of England to execute Hamlet upon his arrival in England. Upon Hamlets return to Denmark the king makes new plans to kill Hamlet, which results in the deaths of Gertrude, Claudius, Hamlet, and Laertes.The use of figurative language in the above passage helps to drive the dramatic irony in the play. Hamlet wants his uncle, King Claudius to believe he is mad. The line, To try conclusions, in the basket creep (III. IV. 199) refers to Hamlets desire to trick Claudius into thinking he is mad. Hamlet wants Claudius to come to the conclusion the Hamlet is insane, although he really is not, so Hamlet can achieve his revenge. This passage is extremely important to the achievement of the play.These lines set up the action for the rest of the play and incite Claudius, Gertrude, Ophelia, and Laertes to take action in some way or another. It is here that Shakespeare begins to set up for the dramatic denouement where all the main characters die. The actions of Hamlet coupled with the dramatic irony that Shakespeare is establishing make these lines extremely important to the outcome of the play. Shakespeares use of figurative language here draws the readers attention to the importance of these lines.

Representation of Women in Action Movies

If a man can fight, hes a hero. If a char can fight, shes a b**ch Representation of women in put to death spuds The word picture industriousness never satisfyms to lack action films and there always plenty for the market to choose from provided how many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) of those relieve oneself women in a summiting role? A handful. There atomic number 18nt that many films that ca drop women in lead roles within action films. But the question is why? Why suck upnt a majority of these women been given a chance? Are actresses like Uma Thurman and Angelina Jolie one-woman-wonders or have they just been given a lucky break?Ill be exploring the representation of women in action films through a semiotic analysis. David Gauntlett argues that in contemporary society, gender roles are more complex and the media reflects this. The young-bearing(prenominal) roles today are often glamorous as well as successful in a way that they were previously not. Much of this i s due to the rise of girl power in the media, through identities constructed by music artists and contemporary actresses, for example, who are demanding less passive roles which explains how films like Charlies Angels have made it to the forefront.Unfortunately, women have repeatedly suffered from a narrow set of representations in the media. They are regularly linked to the domestic state of affairs i. e. housewives, or as internal objects represented to entertain men. Furthermore, the number of roles for leading women is far below that of men. Charlies Angels sufficient Throttle is the film Ive chosen explore and there several reasons behind this. Ive chosen this text because it portrays women within dominant roles. Furthermore, the concept behind it breaks the pre-existing norm of women being the sexual object that entertains the male hero/spy.This isnt the case in this film, theyre heroes fighting crime and saving(a) the day. Not only are they stunning and beautiful but the y as well as possess skills that crush and scrap existing stereotypes about women which is exactly why I chose this film. Charlies Angels Full Throttle is an action frivolity film that was released on the 27 June 2003. The film was directed by McG and produced on a cypher of $120 million. It was the sequel to the 2000s Charlies Angels and it was number one at the box office for its coal scuttle weekend and produced a worldwide gross of $259. 2 million. The film was a success.It stars an ensemble cast including Cameron Diaz, force Barrymore and Lucy Liu. It also features notable actors and actresses such as Demi Moore, Shia LaBeouf and Matt LeBlanc. Diaz, Barrymore and Liu or the Angels, are three extremely talented, strong, ruttish women who work as private investigators for unseen millionaire named Charlie. Prior to this film, they had starred in more passive roles in the romantic comedy genre. In most action films, men were more likely to be adventurous, vigorous and vica rious, whereas women were more frequently shown as weak, ineffectual, victimised, supportive, laughable or merely token womanlys (Gunter, 1995).A film such as this bothowed their fans to view them in a more dominant, powerful light. This immediately challenges the pre-existing stereotype of women because they are illustrated as superior to their male counterpart. The angels are independent women who arent tied down or held back by men. On-the-other-hand, the fact that they work for a male, wealthy character who controls their e precise move is ironic because in reality, many women are in similar situations and living in a patriarchal society. The opening shooting of the film is a brilliant example of the female representation shown throughout the plot of ground.Its set in a filthy, hostile bar in the Himalayas in Mongolia. The bar is packed with lots of men drinking and jeering. The use of an establishing long shot works well to familiarise the audience with the initial setting and melodic phrase. I intrust the film director did this in order to show the contrast between all of the men and the Angels. A doll shot is utilize to track ii men carrying a box so the audience plump intrigued to learn the contents as they descend into the basement. To the surprise of the audience, Alex Munday (Lucy Liu) was inside the box contortioned and tucked away.A high locomote shot is apply and the television camera tilts in order to display the actresses flexibility. As she rises out of the box the camera zooms into a close up of Liu as she does a symbolic swipe of her long, dark hair an iconic move for any female superpower. Shes dressed in a black leather ensemble which connotes mystery and obscurity. Perhaps out of the three angels, Liu is the dark horse. As she stands against the wall, a medium shot is used cleverly because not only can we see Liu against the wall but we can also see the hostage and his capturers in the room behind the actress.The connotation is accurate as she then saves the hostage by taking out the guards with some impressive combat. Her character is almost portrayed to be a female equivalent to Jet Li she appears to be unstoppable and fierce. As she drags the hostage up the stairs, the lighting changes dramatically. The basement was very dark and low-key lighting was used which made the action stealthy and hostile. Whereas, the lighting used in the bar is high-key very bright and there are few shadows.This is symbolic because its as if Alex has taken the hostage from hell (dark, unpleasant) and to heaven (bright, hope) which is essentially the purpose of an angel both contexts. Meanwhile upstairs, the atmosphere is volatile as a new character emerges dressed in a red, sleek kimono. Her costume connotes love, passion and warmth however in this scenario it connotes danger, sin and aggression. This is the 2nd angel Dylan Saunders. The camera tilts over her elevate and shows the male opponent smirking at her and then it pans around the table to eventually show her face.As she throws back a shot of alcohol, she comes across as the bad angel, the bad girl of the trio. The use of red with Dylan in this scene is symbolic because it displays a wide contrast between her and Alex. Shes more masculine in her ashes language but the director has tried to mask this behind the sexy outfit and red lipstick. As she walks away she clasps one of the guards by the waist, grabs his keys and tucks them away subtly. The focus then turns to the doors of the bar and the audience anticipates the worst. As the doors shut away open, a medium shot shows a tanned, petite and blonde angelic woman.This is the third and final angel, Natalie Cook. Shes dressed in a white, fluffy coat and a revealing white mini skirt. This connotes purity, rapture and honesty which would be fitting for a normal angel. However, Natalie is no ordinary angel. As she stands at the door, she looks upset and dazed and a close-up of her face supp orts this gain. As the men stare at her beauty in awe, she jeers at them and they erupt with excitement. The men are so amazed they form a guard of honour for Natalie as she walks over to the mechanical bull.Whereas, when Dylan wanted to move through the men they simply didnt move and didnt even know she was there. The use of white dumbs the men and amplifies Natalies angelic nature. Furthermore, her torso language also plays a part in stunning the men. She giggles excessively and winks at a few of the men. Also, Diaz flicks her pigtails every two seconds and is also chewing gum. She hardly challenges the existing stereotype of blonde women but adds fuel to the fire. This is supported further by the fact that her skirt is so short, the audience can see clearly underneath it.Perhaps Natalie is the bimbo of the group. The director has clearly added to the stereotype of blondes being stupid through Natalies character however this could be challenged throughout the plot. I believe thi s opening scene and in fact the entire plot supports Mulveys Male Gaze theory. It states that media texts are created through the eyes of a heterosexual male and that women are viewed for the pleasure of men. (Smith, 2009) She also claimed that women are turned into sex objects through how they are shot in the media (Cinematography). (Smith, 2009) Charlies Angels Full Throttle demonstrates this. The plot should challenge the norm and allow women to break free however the body language and costumes used throughout diverges the male audience from the plot and to the women being sexualised. In a review article by the BBC, Nev Pierce argued some call it girl power, others demeaning. Furthermore, When female protagonists, for example, have to function as justness enforcers and confront criminal behaviour both associated with male authority and action gendered conflict inevitably follows. (Hall, 1997, p. 364)However, this film could mislead women into thinking they have to become s uccessful and independent by wearing tight, revealing vesture and caking up their faces with make-up but of course this isnt true. It really makes me more and more angry. The aim is to tear in money, loads of money and people try to do that by all means of all these things sex, beautiful people, wealth and you always have people who fall for it. (Ang, 1997, p. 347) This opening scene shows three very diametrical women with different talents however what they all have in common is their characters have been onstructed to appeal to different types of men but collectively appeal to all men. Although this action film had 3 women in lead roles, it failed to truly challenge the existing stereotypes of women having to be objects and requiring sex appeal to become successful. In reality, a woman cannot be herself in the society of the present day, which is an exclusively masculine society, with laws framed by men and with a judicial system that judges feminine conduct from a masculine point of view. References Websites Charlies Angels Full Throttle blog (non-official) http//c-angels. blogspot. co. uk/ Pierce, Nev. (2003). BBC film review. http//www. bbc. co. uk/films/2003/06/27/charlies_angels_full_throttle_2003_review. shtml Smith, Mr (2009). Representation Theory http//www. slideshare. moolah/fleckneymike/representation-theory-2458490 Smcmediastudies, (2011). The Representation of Women in the Media http//www. slideshare. net/smcmediastudies/the-representation-of-women-in-the-media Books Ang, Ien. (2006). Representation Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, in association with Sage. Ang, I. (1985) Watching Dallas soap opera and the melodramatic imagination, New York, Methuen. Ibsen, Henrik (1917). Ibsens Workshop.

Memory: Bullying and Life Essay

My earlier memory of my puerility joy was when I was four years old. I was sitting on the kitchen counter next to my mummy easeing her fix dinner. I do non think of what we forgeed but I do remember having fun with my mom, it was the graduation time she taught me how to prep atomic number 18 food. I remember my mom cutting an onion and the juice squirted into my eye it hurt so bad I screamed and yelled. To this twenty-four hour period I simmer down do not bid to use onions when I am cooking, for this reason I have some champion else cut the onions for me. I have continuously experienced cooking with my mom and still love how we joke around when we atomic number 18 in the kitchen. I loved that I could herald her anything that is going on with me in my life when we are alone in the kitchen cooking together.Looking back at these moments in the kitchen with my mom, I realized more than than ever that I pauperismed to start learning how to cook when I was four years old. We share our lives while we were in that kitchen, and she taught me how to use many different types of recipes that I could use with many types of food. I love how we shared things and would tell each other our juicy secrets that we would neer share with anyone else. She would also give me advice on problems that I had going on in my life. In the future, I pass on use this method to break up a relationship when I have my own daughter. I know she will ask me how to cook and show her step by step how prepare delicious food, thats when I will cleverly ask her about her life. I essential her to be able to come and talk to me about any problems that she has and when she needs a solution, I will help her resolve it quickly. Hopefully we will develop the gentle of friendship that I have with my mother now and I hope this can be a stronger friendship that can never be broken and thrown away over silly things.My earliest unpleasant memory of school was getting bullied. I started gett ing bullied when I was starting middle school. each day when I would go to school, the bullies would be there waiting for me to come so they could bully me until I would cry out in front of the whole school, I was so embarrassed and horrified of what they did to me in those days. Sometimes I am s disturbanced to tell my parents because I dont know how they will react to the situation. I would get bullied because I didnt have the right clothes that everybody else had on and because I was fat and they would say that passel would never hang out with me or become my friend. I detest that my friends would not help me fight the bullies. They would tho patronize there clueless and not standing up against the bullies because they did not want to become the next target or get picked on. The bullies also picked on me because I had a learning disability.This means that I cannot defend myself because I was slow and could not comprehend what they were doing to me at school. In middle school I was a quiet kid who never bothered anyone, I was kind and I kept to myself. I didnt know I was different or bad until I started middle school. Sometimes being bullied makes me feel like I am the only one getting bullied on and I despised that so much. I was verbally and physically bullied every day and I couldnt take anymore, I was getting harassed so much that they soon had nobody left to call for me down. I even tried to tell a teacher but she would not listen to me or believe my story. I was so scared for my life and nobody would help me they would just stand there and laugh at me. At one point, I was constantly getting ridiculed by the popular kids and they al shipway called me all sorts of names in the bully book. Getting bullied as a child scarred me for life and sometime I have a hard time forgetting what they did to me and how they did it. 4 years later, I think back to all of things the bullies did to me and how I could have prevented it from happening in the first place. To this day, it still makes me cry every time I think about it. I feel like I will never be able to shake out the damage that was done to me. pull up stakes I ever be a complete person again? Getting bullied has affected me in so many ways but bullies do not really realized nor do they care how much agony they are causing the kids that they are picking on. I really want to tell the kids that are getting bullied today to realized that they can talk to someone about this. When this was happening to me I felt so alone and it is horrible to have no one you can turn to for help.It is also horrible in having going to school every day knowing those kids are getting pleasure out of their misery. I hope one day I can talk to kids that are being bullied by other kids at school and encourage them to talk to a counselor or the bossliner about whats going on. I have learned that I cannot let state bring me down because that can follow me in life. I have to make sure that I stand up for myself and what I believed in because fighting is not going to solve anything and I need to be stronger against my enemies that tried to bring me down. I can always know that I will have divinity fudge by my side no matter what because I am not in this alone.My most hopeful memory of my adolescent defiance is that I was easily agitated, I had a very explosive animosity that I could not control during my adolescents years. I was so resentful, spiteful to my parents, my friends and to others that I treated badly. I would always get in an argument with someone that was getting on my nerves or talking my ears off about nonsense that I didnt care about. At some point, I was desperate to climb up that I was an adult to my parents and friends because they were not acknowledging me as one. Sometimes I often feel like I did not receive the respect and autonomy that I deserve.I would get so mad that I slammed the doors and would yell obscenities at people or my family members that did not deserve to be yelled at in the first place. I would just leave the house so that I can clear my head and think about my behavior and how I was vindictive to my family members and my friends that cared about me and loved me so much. I hated that I was disrespectful to them and that I called them names and cursed at them for no reason at all. As a teenager, it was tough for me to get along with people that did not like me or did not want to hang out with me. In high school, it was hard for me not to curse at the other kids who were saw bad things about me while they did not even know me. I had no idea why would they do that and I guess never will.As I was growing up, I learned that you should never be disrespectful to your elders but I was in that stage where it was funny to do it because other people were doing it too. I could tell that I was changing because of my negative attitude and how I was talking to others that were trying to help me feel better. I did not feel better b ecause I felt like I was still filled with anger, frustration, and depression that I could not control my emotions cause they were all over the place. I didnt even know how to hide my feelings from people. As I have grown older, I have changed my ways because I prayed to God that I wanted to change and become a different person that people will love and adore. I did not want to be that girl that disrespects people for no unembellished reason. I want be a nicer person that will help people with their problems or surd situations. I want to be able to control my anger and my emotions because I dont want to do something I will someday regret doing.